Ammonia (NH3)

Definition: Ammonia is a nitrogen compound that can be harmful to aquatic life.

Function in the Aquarium: In established aquariums, fish and other organisms produce ammonia as part of their waste. Ammonia is toxic to aquatic life in high concentrations. However, beneficial bacteria, specifically aerobic bacteria, play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle. These bacteria convert ammonia into less harmful substances—first into nitrites and then into nitrates. This conversion is a natural process that occurs in a well-maintained aquarium and is essential for maintaining water quality and the overall health of the aquatic ecosystem. Plants can then use these much safer nitrates for food. Regular testing for ammonia levels and understanding the nitrogen cycle are fundamental aspects of aquarium care.